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It's October and there are no NHL hockey games on the horizon.
It should be the start of the NHL hockey league 2004-2005 season but it’s not happening. The sports arenas across North America are quiet. There are no piercing sounds of whistles, no scraping sounds of hockey skate blades digging into the ice or...
Pool Cue Power: What Is It And What Can It Do For You?
Over the years there has been much conjecture over the importance of cue power for breaking balls or applying english, etc.. Some players have thought that a heavy cue would make them break better. Thank goodness, most players have finally been...
Selecting the Right Tackle
One of the most important things to consider when fly fishing is choosing your tackle the right way. Many people overlook this important factor and start with the wrong assumptions. They first buy the rod, then the line to match the rod, then the...
Swimming Workout
A swimming workout can be a new and refreshing way to get or stay in shape. Swimming is a full body aerobic sport that tones muscles, improves strength and flexibility, increases circulation, controls weight and enhances body contours.
Swimming...
What will you use this sit on top kayak for?
Purchasing a sit on top kayak can be quite a daunting task because there are now kayaks designed for virtually every possible use. You have to know exactly what you are going to use it for or you will be dissatisfied with it.
Here are some...
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Scramjets: The Hypersonic Challenge
Almost 60 years ago, the sound barrier was thought impossible to pass. Yet soon after the X-1’s success, programs were already in the works to take us beyond Mach 1 and into supersonic flight (Mach 1- Mach 5). However, to cross the next barrier of hypersonic flight (any speed greater than Mach 5), drastic problems would have to be over come in design, propulsion, and construction materials that were currently unavailable. With years of research and testing, these obstacles were finally overcome with the recent success of Mach 9.8 flight achieved in November of 2004. Powered by the Scramjet (Supersonic combustion ramjet), NASA’s X-43A test vehicle touched a realm of flight rarely found by air-breathing airplanes, hypersonic flight. With the X-43’s amazing thrust potential being produced by an engine that has no compressors or moving parts, scientists and countries alike are intrigued to see how this technology can be applied towards future goals and projects.
Scramjets are not a new idea. Although the most exciting developments and successes have taken place most recently, the concept has been actively pursued since the 1940’s. With government supersonic flight programs like the F-80 Shooting Star, Republic XF- 103 and the X-15, valuable information was gained about ramjet/scramjets performance. Their advances in studying hydrocarbon-fueled engines alone have helped scramjet technology to reach its current developmental state.
Scramjet engines are a far departure from the conventional turbine jet engine. Air enters both engines and is compressed. Fuel is added to the compressed air, ignited, and
forced out the back of the engines. This is basically the only thing the two engines have in common. However, if hypersonic flight is to be achieved comparisons need to be drawn against this and other a power plants to see why the scramjet is the answer for hypersonic propulsion.
With the successful demonstration of these engines by the United States and other countries, many possibilities are now attainable. From precision guided missiles to Mach 10 flight, and the proposed X-43B, the technology is here to stay. If funding can be secured, new generations of long range bombers, fast-reaction cruise missiles, and a space launch system that could cut the costs associated with propelling astronauts and payload into space to one-hundredth of today’s prices, could be realized. Civilization continues to strive for faster and more efficient means of transportation and with scramjet-powered vehicles, the hypersonic barrier now does not seem impossible. With promise, scramjets powered vehicles might one day live up to the aggressive political goals stated by President Reagan in 1986 in regards to the National Aerospace Plane, “To provide travel from New York to Tokyo in two hours.” However talk is cheap, and one thing scramjets have definitely proved, low cost scramjet research and development doesn’t exist.
About The Author
Tim Patterson, webmaster for http://www.magneticdrainplug.com is a commercial pilot and aviation enthusiast. Email him at webmaster@magneticdrainplug.com.
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